Business
Abuja-Kaduna train breakdown: A taste of the Chinese pudding
The Abuja-Kaduna train breakdown that happened last week presents a good illustration of the age-old adage that says: the taste of the pudding is in the eating. From all indications, the taste of the pudding which China is cooking for Nigeria is beginning to emerge already.
For over ten hours, some Nigerians were stranded in the middle of no-where, abandoned in the bush as a result of a failed locomotive. The train ride with all the luxury it purports to offer left a very sour taste in the mouths of the passengers, as they were buffeted by hunger and thirst for several hours, not to talk of failed appointments and the deep fear of being kidnapped due to high level of insecurity around that corridor.
There can be no gainsaying the fact that the breakdown of the locomotive is a foretaste of what is to come. The incident seems to tell Nigerians what the situation will be in the next five to ten years. Unfortunately, a taste of it couldn’t wait. As the transportation minister, Rotimi Amaechi, has said the embarrassing incident is so early in the day, and is quite unexpected. We quite agree with him. If this can happen at this time, less than one year of operation, one can imagine what the case will be in the next ten years.
True, the breakdown of the locomotives was not expected at this time by Amaechi and the government of the day. This is because the Nigerian government officials either trust the Chinese so much or have chosen to underestimate or ignore the famed craftiness and propensity of the Chinese to cut corners. On the other hand, it could be because Nigeria has become a beggar before China, and as the saying goes, a beggar has no choice. In that light, she must take whatever China throws her way.
Indeed, one cannot talk about the train breakdown incident without talking about how the contract that gave birth to it was procured, same with other ongoing rail projects across the country.
These rail projects are being executed with loans from China. The loans are tied to projects and disbursed by the China EXIM Bank, with the interest said to be subsidized by the country’s Ministry of Commerce. The commerce ministry assigns Chinese contractors to execute projects.
With such an arrangement, the project becomes entirely Chinese affair. The money barely gets into the hands of Nigeria since the loans are offered in the form of projects. Thus, most of the funds given out actually go back to China by way of supplies, salaries, allowances and housing of top and middle-level manpower, construction contracts and the whole equipment which are brought in from China.
With all the equipment, including the locomotives coming from China as part of the loan deal, Nigeria is not in a position to know or determine the competitive cost and quality of the equipment. Nigerian negotiators will not know if the shiny locomotive is new or refurbished. All they do is to celebrate the arrival of the locomotives from China, and when everything is put together, they assemble to commission it with fun fare. How long the locomotive or equipment will last is another issue as there is no performance bond signed.
With what has begun to emerge so early in the day, one is afraid how Nigeria will be able to repay the loans, given envisaged breakdowns which might impact on the operation of the railways. The breakdowns, if they become frequent and severe, may render some rail lines unviable, and therefore, disposed to take-over by the Chinese. The story of China loan/infrastructure projects in the developing countries especially, Africa presents a frightening scenario.
Across the African continent, in most of the transactions with China, corruption or kickbacks by government officials have been alleged. The loans are largely concessionary with lots of suspected undercover dealings and perks in favour of African government officials. These come in form of huge kickbacks, which largely do not go through the banking system.
The presence of the kickbacks indicates that the actual cost of investments in the projects will actually fall far short of negotiated loan amounts. This is a cause of worry concerning future default on these Chinese loans.
Another source of worry is the opaqueness of the Chinese projects and loans across all jurisdictions. In every country that China has shown its ‘magnanimity’, all the infrastructure of roads, ports, highways, railways and airports financed with these loans all connect to China in what has been aptly described as the “new silk road.” This means, perhaps, that these infrastructures are forever tied to China.
One curious thing is while China can give Nigeria refurbished locomotives or inferior equipment without batting an eyelid, it is willing to ‘donate’ to her a transport university said to worth $50 million. The amount even a kindergarten pupil knew that might have conveniently built into the inflated cost of the railway projects.
This is similar to its donation of a mighty Secretariat to the African Union Commission in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – a gesture which has provided it a good launching pad to gain easy access to virtually all African countries, offering them irresistible loans that are tied to projects. The secretariat was also rumoured to be a mine of classified information for Chinese as they allegedly installed high tech spying gadgets all over the building during its construction.
While the Minister of Transportation, Rotimi Amaechi, and the managing director of NRC Fidet Okhiria, have apologized to Nigerians, with the NRC MD promising that the breakdown will not occur again, Nigerians remain skeptical of what the future holds for all the Chinese largesse for Nigeria.
* Business & Maritime West Africa Saturday Editorial
Business
Dangote, India’s EIL Strike $350m Expansion Deal to double Lagos refinery capacity
Dangote, India’s EIL Strike $350m Expansion Deal to double Lagos refinery capacity
In a move that reads like a bold industrial manifesto, Dangote Group has sealed a $350 million pact with India’s state-owned engineering heavyweight, Engineers India Ltd (EIL), to expand its Lagos-based refinery and petrochemicals complex—an ambition that could reshape Nigeria’s energy future and tilt Africa away from imported fuels.
The agreement sets the stage for a massive leap in refining capacity, lifting output from 650,000 barrels per day to an eye-catching 1.4 million barrels per day.
If realised, the expansion would catapult the Dangote facility into the rare league of the world’s largest single-location refinery complexes, reinforcing its status as a global energy landmark.
At the heart of the deal is a renewed partnership between Dangote and EIL, the firm that helped deliver the refinery’s first phase. Under the fresh $350 million contract, EIL will once again act as Project Management Consultant (PMC) and Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) consultant, overseeing the addition of a second processing train and the rollout of advanced, Euro VI–compliant fuel production.
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Located in the Lekki Free Zone, the Dangote Refinery has already become a symbol of Nigeria’s industrial aspirations. Conceived as a response to decades of fuel import dependence, the complex marks a strategic shift for Africa’s largest crude oil producer—from exporter of raw oil to producer and exporter of refined products.
Built at an estimated cost of $19 billion, the refinery ranks among the most expensive industrial projects ever undertaken on the continent. Officially inaugurated in May 2023, it has been ramping up operations in carefully sequenced phases. By early 2024, it began producing diesel and aviation fuel, later adding petrol—milestones that signalled a turning point for Nigeria’s energy supply chain.
Even before expansion, the existing 650,000-barrel-per-day facility is recognised as the world’s largest single-train refinery, producing Euro-V quality gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and polypropylene. To support its technical demands, Dangote Oil Refinery Company trained 150 engineers in India ahead of full operations.
Beyond fuels, the new phase pushes aggressively into petrochemicals. Dangote plans to triple polypropylene output from 830,000 tonnes per annum to 2.4 million tonnes, achieved through revamping its current unit, installing an additional 1.2 million-tonne plant, and deploying a world-scale 750 kTPA UOP Oleflex unit to strengthen propylene feedstock.
EIL described the contract as a reaffirmation of trust in its ability to deliver projects of extraordinary scale, pledging its decades-long expertise and global execution model to help build one of the world’s most advanced integrated energy complexes.
For Dangote Group—Africa’s largest multinational conglomerate with interests spanning cement, fertiliser, petrochemicals, mining, food and energy—the refinery sits at the centre of a broader industrial vision. While challenges around crude supply, pricing and regulation remain, the expansion promises to deepen Nigeria’s self-sufficiency, ease fuel shortages and position the country as a refining hub for West and Central Africa—an outcome with implications far beyond its shores.
Dangote, India’s EIL Strike $350m Expansion Deal to double Lagos refinery capacity
Business
New Tax Law Pushes Nigerian Traders, Business Owners to Prefer Cash Over Bank Transfers
New Tax Law Pushes Nigerian Traders, Business Owners to Prefer Cash Over Bank Transfers
A recent News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) report reveals that many traders and business owners across Nigeria are increasingly opting for cash payments instead of bank transfers following the implementation of the new tax law. The move, especially noted in major commercial hubs like Mararaba and Nyanya in the Federal Capital Territory, reflects widespread uncertainty about tax obligations on digital transactions.
Business owners cited concerns that electronic transfers could attract additional taxes or charges, prompting them to rely more on cash to avoid unexpected deductions. Despite assurances from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and tax authorities that legitimate bank accounts will not be arbitrarily debited, many traders remain cautious.
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Customers have also expressed frustration, reporting instances of extra fees being demanded by sellers after bank transfers. Analysts warn that this shift back to cash may undermine financial inclusion, slow the cashless economy initiative, and push more transactions into the informal sector, which is harder to regulate and tax.
Economists emphasize the importance of public education on the new tax framework, which requires linking Tax Identification Numbers (TINs) to bank accounts and reporting high-turnover accounts, but does not permit arbitrary deductions from personal or business accounts.
New Tax Law Pushes Nigerian Traders, Business Owners to Prefer Cash Over Bank Transfers
Business
CBN Strengthens Consumer Rights to Safeguard Nigeria’s Financial System
CBN Strengthens Consumer Rights to Safeguard Nigeria’s Financial System
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has intensified efforts to strengthen consumer protection in the country’s financial services sector, rolling out new safeguards aimed at protecting bank customers, curbing fraud and restoring public confidence in digital and traditional banking.
The apex bank said the measures are designed to ensure that consumers are treated fairly by banks, fintech firms and other financial institutions, while also improving transparency and accountability across the system. A key focus of the initiative is the enforcement of the Customers’ Bill of Rights, which guarantees the right to information, privacy, fair treatment and timely redress for complaints.
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As part of the reforms, the CBN has reinforced the Unified Complaints Tracking System (UCTS) to make it easier for customers to lodge and monitor complaints against financial institutions. The bank also encouraged Nigerians to use the *CBN-approved USSD code (959#) to verify licensed banks and financial service providers, a move aimed at reducing fraud and patronage of illegal operators.
The renewed consumer protection drive aligns with recent CBN directives ordering banks to refund victims of electronic and authorised push payment fraud within 48 hours, while also clamping down on misleading advertisements that could deceive customers. These steps come amid rising complaints linked to digital banking, mobile payments and online transactions.
Financial analysts say the CBN’s approach underscores the importance of financial literacy and inclusion, noting that better-informed consumers are less vulnerable to exploitation. The measures also support Nigeria’s expanding fintech ecosystem, where rapid innovation has increased the need for stronger customer safeguards.
With Nigeria’s financial landscape becoming more technology-driven, the CBN says sustained consumer education, stricter regulation and collaboration with other oversight agencies will remain central to building a secure, transparent and customer-focused financial system.
CBN Strengthens Consumer Rights to Safeguard Nigeria’s Financial System
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