US-Iran Ceasefire: Why Petrol Still Costs N1,200/Litre Despite Crude Crash to $70

US-Iran Ceasefire: Why Petrol Still Costs N1,200/Litre Despite Crude Crash to $70

The sharp decline in global crude oil prices following the ceasefire agreement that ended months of hostilities between the United States and Iran has renewed questions over why petrol prices in Nigeria remain around N1,200 per litre despite the easing of pressures that had pushed up energy costs during the conflict. Brent crude, the international benchmark against which Nigeria’s Bonny Light is priced, has fallen to around $70 per barrel from a peak of about $126 recorded during the height of the conflict, representing a decline of more than 42 per cent. The latest oil price slump has effectively erased the war premium that had built into the market amid fears that hostilities could disrupt supplies passing through the Strait of Hormuz, a critical shipping route through which nearly one-fifth of the world’s crude and liquefied natural gas shipments transit. The three-month conflict, which began on February 28, 2026, sent shockwaves through global energy markets as traders feared a blockade of the strait and a possible escalation involving Gulf producers. The uncertainty pushed crude prices sharply higher, with Brent crude climbing from around $68 per barrel before the crisis to above $120 and peaking near $126 per barrel in April. The rise translated into higher prices for refined products worldwide and put upward pressure on petrol prices in importing countries, including Nigeria. Before the outbreak of the conflict, petrol sold for between N830 and N900 per litre across much of Nigeria. As crude prices surged by approximately 85 per cent, pump prices climbed to around N1,360 per litre, representing an increase of about 54 per cent. However, while crude oil has surrendered much of its war-induced gains, domestic petrol prices have been far slower to follow suit.

Analysts say the discrepancy highlights an asymmetry that has long characterized fuel markets globally—what experts describe as the “rockets and feathers” effect, where prices rise like rockets when crude increases but descend like feathers when oil prices retreat. The de-escalation of tensions and diplomatic efforts between Washington and Tehran have eased concerns over supply disruptions, leading to a broad sell-off in oil markets. Additional downward pressure came from expectations that Iranian exports could return more fully to international markets and that shipping through the Strait of Hormuz would normalize. Concerns about weaker global demand and rising output from non-OPEC producers have also contributed to the decline. Based on analysis of the price transmission mechanism, when crude prices climbed from $68 to $126 per barrel, petrol prices rose from roughly N850 to N1,300 per litre. Using the same mechanism, the current decline in crude prices of more than 41 per cent should ordinarily place petrol prices between N900 and N1,000 per litre. However, analysts caution that crude oil accounts for only part of the final cost of petrol. Exchange rates, shipping charges, storage costs, transportation expenses, dealer margins, and taxes all influence the retail price. Even after accounting for these variables, energy experts say Premium Motor Spirit should realistically retail around N1,000 per litre.

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Following the de-escalation of tensions, the Dangote Petroleum Refinery cut its petrol gantry price by N75 per litre from N1,250 to N1,175, effective June 16, and also lowered diesel and aviation fuel prices. The refinery attributed the reduction to improved market fundamentals following the de-escalation of tensions in the Middle East. It also lowered its coastal supply price from N1,595,790 to N1,495,215 per metric tonne, reducing procurement costs for marketers. The move strengthened expectations that pump prices would decline further. However, many Nigerians argued that the reductions did not fully reflect the sharp decline in crude oil prices. A source within the Dangote Group noted that the refinery was still observing market developments while processing crude purchased during the crisis period, adding that prices could still drop to as low as N900 per litre, “but we still have the expensive crude in our tanks.”

The National Publicity Secretary of the Independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN), Chief Chinedu Ukadike, explained that lower ex-depot prices are already easing pressure on marketers and improving their capacity to stock products. According to him, the decline in supply costs has reduced the amount of working capital required to sustain operations. Ukadike noted that marketers who previously struggled to finance product purchases would now be able to increase stock levels, thereby improving product availability across retail outlets. Ukadike also dismissed concerns that marketers could hoard products in anticipation of future price increases, noting that intense competition within the deregulated downstream sector would make such practices difficult to sustain. “Competition will force marketers to sell at prevailing market prices. Nobody can afford to hold products indefinitely because other operators will undercut them,” he said. He projected that petrol could sell for between N1,200 and N1,250 per litre in Lagos once new stock enters the market, while prices may remain slightly higher in other parts of the country due to transportation costs. Ukadike urged consumers to be patient, noting that immediate reductions would expose marketers to losses on existing stock.

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The issue is not peculiar to Nigeria. In the United States, President Donald Trump has ordered the Department of Justice to investigate major oil companies over allegations that they are failing to reduce pump prices in line with falling crude oil costs. In a post on Truth Social, Trump accused oil companies of exploiting consumers, writing: “The big Oil Companies are not dropping their price at the pump commensurate with the sharply lower prices they are paying for Oil. Those prices are dropping like a rock! In other words, customers are being ‘gouged’.” The American Petroleum Institute rejected allegations of price manipulation, arguing that retail fuel prices do not instantly mirror changes in crude oil prices because refining costs, inventories and supply chain dynamics influence final prices. Analysts describe this phenomenon as the “rockets and feathers” effect.

Industry observers say increased liquidity among marketers could intensify competition and ultimately accelerate the transmission of lower crude prices to consumers. They note that the growing influence of Dangote Refinery, coupled with increasing rivalry among importers and independent marketers, is changing pricing dynamics in the downstream sector. Some analysts believe that if Brent crude remains below $75 per barrel and geopolitical stability is sustained, petrol prices could gradually decline below N1,000 per litre and possibly approach N900 per litre in the coming days. The expected decline could provide much-needed relief for households and businesses battling elevated transportation and energy costs. Since the removal of subsidy by President Bola Tinubu in May 2023, petrol prices have remained one of the major drivers of inflation, affecting food prices, manufacturing costs and the overall cost of living. The Petroleum Products Retail Outlets Owners Association of Nigeria (PETROAN) has called on refiners, depot owners, and importers to reduce fuel prices following the decline in global crude prices, urging the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority (NMDPRA) to continue issuing import licences to qualified marketers to encourage competition. However, experts caution that the ceasefire is not yet permanent—a 60-day extension has been agreed while negotiations continue over Iran’s nuclear programme. Market observers also note that the restoration of full oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz may take months, as vessel operators and insurers remain cautious, preferring to observe sustained safe transits before re-engaging the route.

US-Iran Ceasefire: Why Petrol Still Costs N1,200/Litre Despite Crude Crash to $70