A novice’s guide to understanding eNaira - Newstrends
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A novice’s guide to understanding eNaira

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Finally, it’s live! The long-awaited and much-anticipated eNaira has officially been launched. While I have written a number of articles on the eNaira, one thing I have noticed is that a lot of people are still finding it hard to grasp the idea behind the Central Bank Digital Currency.

It is perfectly understandable that there are still citizens who are yet unclear about the nature of the eNaira and, more importantly, how to use the digital currency. In most cases, some need to be convinced as to why they should join the race to download the eNaira app and what this will mean for their business. There are valid concerns, if I may say so.

Hence, in this piece, I attempt to demystify the eNaira, explain what it is and what it is not while giving a brief analysis of how to make or accept transactions using the eNaira.

Dissecting the eNaira

The eNaira is a digital version of the paper naira issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria. Playing a purely complementary role to the naira, the digital currency will have equal value as physical cash that we use in our day-to-day activities.

Contrary to what many think, the eNaira is not a cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Dogecoin or any other kind of crypto. It is not decentralised and cannot be privately controlled the way cryptocurrencies are.

However, like these currencies, the eNaira is built on a blockchain open ledger technology; this is to ensure that a holder of the CBDC cannot have a duplicate or fake eNaira because each eNaira note will be unique.

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Another concern that comes to mind is the stability of the eNaira. Before venturing into the unknown, especially in financial matters, security and stability are matters of key interest for any party in a given business transaction. When it comes to the eNaira, people want to know if it is a stable coin.

Keep in mind that a stablecoin is a cryptocurrency backed by reserves that are currencies or other assets, such as gold, that can be readily transferable and are used to balance transactions and payments anywhere in the world – case in point, the US dollar.

Stablecoins refer to cryptocurrencies that seek to attach their market value to some external reference. An example of a stablecoin is the USDT, which is tied to a currency, the US dollar, and maintains a stable exchange value.

The eNaira technically is linked to the FIAT naira; and as we know from personal experience, the naira is not exactly stable. So, for the eNaira to be stable, it then has to be linked to a universally stable currency like the US dollar or euro.

The eNaira is designed for all whether you are an individual, consumers, merchants, government ministries, departments and agencies, licensed financial institutions, and even the central bank itself.

Using the eNaira for transactions

Imagine you want to send N100 to your aged mother in one remote village where there are no bank branches. A common process is to buy a recharge card of the same value, text to her mobile phone, after which she goes to any phone card retailer and exchanges her N100 credit for N95 in cash.

Rather than go through all that, you only need to debit your bank account for N100, convert it to eNaira, and transfer it to your mother. Having received the money, she can spend it directly from her phone or exchange it for cash. To enjoy this service, you need to have an eNaira wallet into which you store and use your digital currency.

In the case of a person-to-person transaction, holders of the eNaira wallet can easily transfer eNaira to another holder. In a simple process, it is possible to credit your eNaira wallet from your account within the same bank or a different bank account. While you cannot cash out from eNaira to physical cash, you can do so from your eNaira wallet to your cash within the same bank or another account in a different bank.

The same straightforward process applies also when making person-to-merchant payments, government-to-citizen, or citizen-to-government payments. With the e-Naira, you can make or receive salary payments, and payments for goods and services can be concluded.

Taking full advantage of eNaira

The eNaira has a cutesy tagline, ‘Same Naira, More Possibilities’. No doubt this is to inspire trust while encouraging the mass adoption of digital currency. Anyway, it has a low-cost advantage in comparison to FIAT.

For one, traders will pay no fees for withdrawals and deposits to and from their bank account; that in itself is a massive incentive. In line with Nigeria’s financial inclusion agenda, the e-Naira will also onboard millions of the unbanked – Nigerians who have mobile phones but without bank accounts. Though formerly unable to enjoy financial services in their entirety, these ones will be brought into the formal financial economy.

Artisans including plumbers, tailors, carpenters and fashion designers can accept payments on their phones, store them in their wallets, and make transactions with any vendor or customer.

Also, the eNaira will be upgraded, and when this is done, it will allow for cross-border transactions. This means that eNaira can be used by any two-party actors who can credit a Nigerian banking institution with corresponding currency. To illustrate, a trader banking with UBA in Kenya can settle his import bills from the Democratic Republic of Congo using e-Naira.

Interestingly, because many citizens lack trust in financial institutions, eNaira will make it possible for customers to monitor their wallets, balances, and transaction history in real time.

On the one hand, by integrating into the CBN’s forex process, the digital currency will make it easier for remittances to flow into Nigeria. On the other, Nigerians in the diaspora can send funds to friends or relatives through international money transfer organisations who will buy eNaira from their corresponding Nigerian banks.

The problem of accessibility

Having gained more understanding about eNaira, compared to when you started reading this piece, perhaps you wish to experiment with this idea. The question on your mind might be how to get the eNaira. To access the eNaira, you need to download the ‘speed wallet’, which allows you to conduct transactions with speed and ease.

Before you make that decision, however, reports have it that the eNaira speed wallet pulled a disappearing act from the Google Play Store barely 48 hours after its launch. Conversely, the eNaira merchant wallet is still up and running with over 10,000 downloads.

While some users have complained about poor user experience, others are pretty distrustful of the terms, conditions, and disclaimer notice given by the CBN.

I believe these are fixable issues, and since we live in a digital world that is increasingly becoming cashless, the eNaira project, to all intent and purposes, is a boon to the Nigerian economy.

In my next piece on the ICT Clinic column, I will explore the possibility of the eNaira becoming a world-class digital currency and the importance of local collaboration in driving Nigeria’s vibrant financial sector forward.

CFA is co-founder of techbuild.africa & blockbuild.africa, platforms deepening Africa’s tech ecosystem & godohub.org, a social enterprise supporting innovation in Africa.

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NRC, Police Intensify Crackdown on Railway Vandals as Opeifa Pushes for Tougher Asset Protection

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NRC, Police Intensify Crackdown on Railway Vandals as Opeifa Pushes for Tougher Asset Protection

 

Managing Director of the Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC), Dr. Kayode Opeifa, has vowed to strengthen the Corporation’s partnership with the Nigeria Police Force and other security agencies to combat vandalism and safeguard Nigeria’s railway infrastructure, following the recent arrest of three suspected railway vandals and the recovery of stolen materials valued at about ₦200 million.

Opeifa made the pledge on Friday during a courtesy visit to the Commissioner of Police, Oyo State Command, CP Olugbenga Ayodeji Abimbola, at the Command Headquarters in Eleyele, Ibadan.

He described the nation’s railway infrastructure as a strategic national asset that must be protected from criminal activities capable of disrupting rail operations and undermining the Federal Government’s investments in the sector.

Accompanied by the Commissioner of Police, Nigeria Railway Police Command, CP Lasisi Titilola, Opeifa said the NRC would continue to work closely with security agencies to ensure that all suspects arrested for vandalising railway facilities are thoroughly investigated and prosecuted to serve as a deterrent to others.

The NRC boss praised the Oyo State Police Command and the Nigeria Railway Police Command for their professionalism, vigilance and swift response, which led to the arrest of the three suspects during an intelligence-led operation.

The suspects were intercepted while allegedly transporting vandalised railway materials from Niger State to Lagos, with the recovered items estimated to be worth about ₦200 million.

Describing the operation as a significant breakthrough in the fight against railway vandalism, Opeifa said the success underscored the value of sustained collaboration between the Corporation and security agencies in protecting critical public infrastructure.

He reaffirmed the Corporation’s resolve to deepen cooperation with the police, other security agencies, state governments, host communities and relevant stakeholders to curb vandalism, theft and sabotage across the country’s railway network.

Opeifa also appealed to members of the public to support the campaign against railway vandalism by providing credible and timely information that could help security agencies prevent attacks on railway facilities.

“The Nigerian Railway Corporation remains committed to delivering safe, reliable and sustainable rail transportation while working closely with security agencies and other stakeholders to protect the nation’s railway infrastructure,” he said.

Responding, the Commissioner of Police, Oyo State Command, CP Olugbenga Ayodeji Abimbola, called on the National Assembly to review existing laws on vandalism of critical national infrastructure by prescribing stiffer penalties for offenders.

He warned vandals and other criminal elements to stay away from Oyo State, assuring that the Command would continue to track, arrest and prosecute anyone involved in the destruction or theft of public infrastructure.

Abimbola added that the three suspects and the recovered railway materials would be handed over to the Nigeria Railway Police Command for further investigation and prosecution.

The renewed security collaboration comes as the NRC intensifies efforts to protect rail infrastructure amid ongoing investments by the Federal Government to modernise Nigeria’s railway network and improve the safety and reliability of rail transport nationwide.

 

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ABC Transport Launches Major Fleet Renewal, Takes Delivery of 2026 Luxury Coaches

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ABC Transport Launches Major Fleet Renewal, Takes Delivery of 2026 Luxury Coaches

 

ABC Transport Plc, Nigeria’s foremost provider of premium intercity transportation and integrated logistics services, has officially launched a comprehensive group-wide fleet renewal programme with the arrival of the first batch of its brand-new 2026-model luxury coaches.

The fleet renewal marks another significant milestone in the company’s continued investment in safety, innovation, customer experience and operational excellence.

The arrival of these state-of-the-art coaches represents the first phase of a broader fleet modernisation initiative for the company’s Travel Division, with additional units expected before the end of the year.

The investment reflects ABC Transport’s unwavering commitment to continually renewing its fleet with world-class vehicles that deliver superior passenger comfort while meeting the highest international safety and environmental standards.

Designed to redefine road travel, the new luxury coaches are equipped with a range of advanced features, including individual USB charging ports for every passenger, high-definition CCTV surveillance systems and GPS-enabled real-time vehicle tracking.

The coaches also feature electronically controlled speed limiters to prevent over-speeding and further enhance passenger safety.

The new fleet will primarily strengthen operations on ABC Transport’s high-demand night services on the Lagos–Abuja and Lagos–East corridors, including Owerri and Aba. They will also be available for corporate charters, government movements and private group bookings.

The company’s fleet renewal programme also extends to its highly popular Sprinter Service. Orders have already been placed for the latest-generation Toyota Hiace buses, with deliveries expected in the coming months. The new minibuses will further enhance ABC Transport’s short- and medium-haul operations by offering customers improved comfort, enhanced safety features, greater fuel efficiency and increased service reliability.

Speaking on the launch of the fleet renewal programme, the Group Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer of ABC Transport Plc, Mr Jude Nneji, described the initiative as another bold step in the company’s long-term vision of maintaining its leadership position in Nigeria’s road transportation industry.

“This fleet renewal programme demonstrates our unwavering commitment to delivering the safest, most comfortable and technologically advanced travel experience in the country.

“We are investing not just in new vehicles, but in the future of mobility, customer satisfaction and operational excellence. Our passengers deserve the very best, and we will continue to raise the benchmark for road transportation in Nigeria.”

Mr Nneji added that the newly acquired coaches combine premium comfort with cutting-edge safety technologies that provide greater peace of mind for passengers while improving operational efficiency across the company’s nationwide network.

The group-wide fleet renewal programme extends well beyond the Travel Division and reflects ABC Transport Plc’s strategic commitment to modernising assets across all its divisions and subsidiaries.

In recent months, ABC Cargo Express Limited, the company’s logistics subsidiary, has significantly strengthened its operations through the acquisition of modern Forland trucks in multiple capacities to enhance nationwide cargo distribution, freight movement and last-mile delivery capabilities.

Similarly, the company’s Haulage Division recently expanded its heavy-duty fleet with the addition of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)-powered trucks, reinforcing ABC Transport’s commitment to cleaner energy solutions, lower operating costs and environmentally responsible logistics.

Collectively, these investments represent one of the company’s most significant fleet modernisation initiatives in recent years.

From luxury intercity coaches and next-generation Toyota Hiace minibuses to modern logistics trucks and CNG-powered heavy-duty haulage vehicles, ABC Transport is strategically renewing its fleet across every business segment to deliver safer, smarter, more efficient and environmentally sustainable transportation solutions.

For over three decades, ABC Transport Plc has remained synonymous with safety, reliability, innovation and premium mobility services.

Through investment in modern technology, fleet renewal and customer-focused innovation, the company continues to set the benchmark for road transportation and integrated logistics across Nigeria and West Africa.

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Dangote Refinery Raises $2.5bn, Eyes Africa’s Biggest IPO in August

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Dangote Refinery Raises $2.5bn, Eyes Africa’s Biggest IPO in August

Dangote Refinery Raises $2.5bn, Eyes Africa’s Biggest IPO in August

Africa’s richest man, Aliko Dangote, is nearing the completion of a $2.5 billion private share placement** for Dangote Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemicals FZE, marking a transformative milestone ahead of what is expected to be Africa’s largest initial public offering. According to a Bloomberg report on Friday, the fundraising exercise values the Lagos-based refinery at approximately **$40 billion, reflecting surging investor confidence in the continent’s biggest single-train refinery and one of its most valuable industrial assets. The private placement reportedly attracted overwhelming demand, drawing about **$4 billion in investor interest**—significantly exceeding the shares on offer. The transaction was executed in phases, with an initial $2 billion share sale followed by an additional $500 million raised, largely backed by regional institutional investors. This oversubscription underscores the growing appetite for high-quality African industrial assets and signals strong market confidence in the refinery’s long-term commercial viability.

According to sources familiar with the transaction, the refinery sold a stake representing up to six percent of the company. Investors were required to subscribe for a minimum of one million shares, valued at $350,000**, with additional purchases available in blocks of 500,000 shares. The shares are subject to a **365-day lock-up period**, a standard provision designed to prevent immediate sell-offs and ensure price stability following the listing. The placement was oversubscribed within weeks of opening, demonstrating extraordinary demand from both institutional and high-net-worth investors. Femi Otedola, chairman of FirstHoldCo, committed **$100 million to the private placement, reportedly liquidating his entire holding in Geregu Power Plc to fund the investment. In a significant regulatory development, Nigeria’s pension regulator also cleared retirement funds to participate for the first time, opening a pool of savings worth more than $17 billion to the listing. This unprecedented access to pension assets is expected to drive substantial retail participation in the forthcoming public offering.

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The private placement follows another successful fundraising exercise in which the company recently secured $750 million through an international bond offering carrying a 7.5 percent fixed coupon. The senior unsecured notes, arranged jointly by J.P. Morgan, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and Standard Chartered Bank, will mature on July 16, 2031, and were structured as a Rule 144A private placement targeted at institutional investors in the United States and other eligible markets. The bond issuance signals that global investors are increasingly backing the refinery’s commercial performance rather than simply its ambitious vision. The 7.5 percent coupon came in marginally below the 7.875 percent yield on Nigeria’s June 2031 sovereign Eurobond, indicating that investors priced Dangote’s corporate risk close to, and in this case slightly inside, the federal government’s own borrowing cost. This is a remarkable vote of confidence in the refinery’s management and operational execution.

The refinery’s public listing could raise an additional $1.5 billion to $2 billion, with the initial public offering expected as early as August, though the timeline remains subject to market conditions and regulatory approvals. The listing is expected to land on the Nigerian Exchange, and Dangote has also signaled interest in a pan-African listing across multiple exchanges, potentially including the London Stock Exchange. The planned IPO has remained one of the most closely watched transactions in Nigeria’s investment landscape. However, excitement surrounding the anticipated share sale was tempered in late June when Nigeria’s Securities and Exchange Commission halted promotional activities linked to an unauthorized public offering. The regulator clarified that Dangote Petroleum Refinery & Petrochemicals had neither filed for nor received regulatory approval to launch an IPO at that time. The prospectus has since been submitted to the SEC for review and approval under the Investment and Securities Act 2025, and the company is now working closely with regulators to ensure full compliance.

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The fresh capital is expected to support the refinery’s ambitious expansion program. According to company executives, proceeds from the fundraising will be used to double the refinery’s processing capacity from 700,000 barrels per day to 1.4 million barrels per day by 2028, positioning it among the world’s largest refining complexes. This expansion will place the facility in the same league as global giants like India’s Jamnagar Refinery and Venezuela’s Paraguana Refinery Complex. The refinery has already achieved significant operational milestones that validate its technical capabilities. In a recent performance test conducted by process licensors, the facility processed 700,000 barrels of crude oil per day, surpassing its official nameplate capacity of 650,000 barrels per day. Devakumar Edwin, Vice President of Oil and Gas at Dangote Industries, said the higher throughput is part of a strategy to lift capacity within 30 months. This operational excellence has been a key factor in attracting both debt and equity investors to the project.

The 650,000-barrel-per-day refinery, which began production in 2024, has significantly ramped up output of diesel, jet fuel, naphtha, and petrol, sharply cutting Nigeria’s reliance on fuel imports. The facility has increasingly emerged as a strategic supplier of refined petroleum products across Africa following disruptions in traditional international supply chains caused by geopolitical tensions. Data from energy analytics firm Kpler shows exports from the refinery climbed sharply from 168,000 barrels per day in February to 353,000 barrels per day in April. Roughly half of those exports were shipped to other African countries, underscoring the refinery’s growing role in reducing the continent’s dependence on imported fuels from Europe and Asia. This shift has major implications for Africa’s energy security and foreign exchange conservation, as countries can now source refined products within the continent at more competitive prices.

The sources disclosed that Dangote is deliberately prioritizing African participation in both the private placement and the forthcoming public offering. According to them, “Dangote’s emphasis on African investor participation in the private placements and the retail offering of the IPO is consistent with the billionaire’s push for greater regional ownership in the financing of the continent’s industrial development.” The planned public offering would be widely marketed to Nigerians, other Africans, and international retail investors in an effort to attract broad demand from ordinary citizens. This democratization of ownership aligns with Dangote’s long-standing vision of creating shared prosperity and ensuring that Africans benefit directly from the continent’s industrial renaissance. The company has reportedly engaged multiple communications firms to design a comprehensive retail marketing campaign targeting first-time investors across Nigeria.

If completed, the listing is expected to rank among the largest capital market transactions ever undertaken in Africa, potentially raising between $1.5 billion and $2 billion in fresh equity while allowing retail and institutional investors to own shares in one of the continent’s most valuable industrial assets. Market analysts project that the IPO could significantly deepen Nigeria’s capital markets and attract renewed international investor interest in the country’s equities. The Dangote Refinery IPO is widely expected to be the single biggest factor shaping activities in the equities market over the coming months. The size of the offer is likely to trigger widespread portfolio rebalancing as many investors sell existing shares to free up funds for the highly anticipated public offer. This dynamic could create both opportunities and challenges for other listed companies seeking to raise capital in the near term. The expansion comes at a time when global energy markets continue to adjust to supply disruptions triggered by geopolitical tensions, with several countries seeking alternative fuel suppliers. The refinery’s strategic location on the Atlantic coast positions it well to serve both African and international markets, potentially capturing market share from European and Asian refiners.

Dangote Refinery Raises $2.5bn, Eyes Africa’s Biggest IPO in August

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