Nigeria FX Market: Dollar Demand Surges, Naira Slides Slightly in Festive Season - Newstrends
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Nigeria FX Market: Dollar Demand Surges, Naira Slides Slightly in Festive Season

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Nigeria FX Market: Dollar Demand Surges, Naira Slides Slightly in Festive Season

Nigeria’s foreign exchange (FX) market has experienced increased dollar demand as year-end “Detty December” spending intensified, placing mild pressure on the naira despite sustained interventions by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and rising external reserves.

The naira depreciated by 0.1 per cent week-on-week to N1,456/$1, as heightened holiday-related imports, international travel, and corporate year-end settlements offset a $250 million FX injection by the CBN and inflows from offshore investors.

Data from the apex bank showed that Nigeria’s gross external reserves rose for the 25th consecutive week, climbing by $396.84 million to $45.44 billion as of December 11. The increase has reinforced investor confidence and strengthened the country’s external buffers.

In the forwards market, the naira depreciated across 1-month (-0.4% to N1,485.97/$1), 3-month (-0.5% to N1,536.28/$1), and 6-month (-0.9% to N1,599.70/$1) contracts, while the 1-year contract appreciated slightly by 0.3 per cent to N1,726.89/$1.

Market analysts attributed the renewed pressure on the naira to seasonal FX demand, a trend typical of the festive period, while noting that inflows from diaspora remittances, inbound travel, and tourism spending could provide some support later in the month.

The Financial Markets Dealers Association (FMDA) noted that despite heightened demand, December also often sees improved foreign-currency inflows, which could strengthen the naira.

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The official FX market recorded a 1.73% month-on-month depreciation in November to N1,446.74/$1, reflecting a combination of rising seasonal demand and external pressures, including a stronger US dollar amid ongoing US–China trade tensions.

Domestic measures continued to support stability. The CBN retained the Monetary Policy Rate at 27%, while the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) expanded naira-denominated crude sales to local refineries to curb domestic dollar demand.

In the parallel market, the naira weakened slightly to N1,476/$1 in late November, widening the gap with the official rate. Analysts, however, noted that the gap remains narrow, supported by steady diaspora remittances and moderated import demand.

Following a sharp devaluation two years ago, the naira has stabilized significantly, strengthening by N215.73 over the past year in the official market. The rollout of the CBN’s Electronic Foreign Exchange Management System has improved market transparency and price discovery.

As of December 2, 2025, the naira had appreciated by 14.93% year-on-year to N1,445.39/$1, but analysts caution that its stability remains vulnerable to structural external sector weaknesses and global oil market volatility.

“Strong net FX liquidity, a positive current account position, and rising external reserves continue to underpin investor confidence. Combined with slow import demand growth, we expect the naira to remain broadly stable in the near to medium term,” said analysts at Cordros Research.

Nigeria FX Market: Dollar Demand Surges, Naira Slides Slightly in Festive Season

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Dangote, India’s EIL Strike $350m Expansion Deal to double Lagos refinery capacity 

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Dangote, India’s EIL Strike $350m Expansion Deal to double Lagos refinery capacity 

In a move that reads like a bold industrial manifesto, Dangote Group has sealed a $350 million pact with India’s state-owned engineering heavyweight, Engineers India Ltd (EIL), to expand its Lagos-based refinery and petrochemicals complex—an ambition that could reshape Nigeria’s energy future and tilt Africa away from imported fuels.

The agreement sets the stage for a massive leap in refining capacity, lifting output from 650,000 barrels per day to an eye-catching 1.4 million barrels per day.

If realised, the expansion would catapult the Dangote facility into the rare league of the world’s largest single-location refinery complexes, reinforcing its status as a global energy landmark.

At the heart of the deal is a renewed partnership between Dangote and EIL, the firm that helped deliver the refinery’s first phase. Under the fresh $350 million contract, EIL will once again act as Project Management Consultant (PMC) and Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management (EPCM) consultant, overseeing the addition of a second processing train and the rollout of advanced, Euro VI–compliant fuel production.

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Located in the Lekki Free Zone, the Dangote Refinery has already become a symbol of Nigeria’s industrial aspirations. Conceived as a response to decades of fuel import dependence, the complex marks a strategic shift for Africa’s largest crude oil producer—from exporter of raw oil to producer and exporter of refined products.

Built at an estimated cost of $19 billion, the refinery ranks among the most expensive industrial projects ever undertaken on the continent. Officially inaugurated in May 2023, it has been ramping up operations in carefully sequenced phases. By early 2024, it began producing diesel and aviation fuel, later adding petrol—milestones that signalled a turning point for Nigeria’s energy supply chain.

Even before expansion, the existing 650,000-barrel-per-day facility is recognised as the world’s largest single-train refinery, producing Euro-V quality gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and polypropylene. To support its technical demands, Dangote Oil Refinery Company trained 150 engineers in India ahead of full operations.

Beyond fuels, the new phase pushes aggressively into petrochemicals. Dangote plans to triple polypropylene output from 830,000 tonnes per annum to 2.4 million tonnes, achieved through revamping its current unit, installing an additional 1.2 million-tonne plant, and deploying a world-scale 750 kTPA UOP Oleflex unit to strengthen propylene feedstock.

EIL described the contract as a reaffirmation of trust in its ability to deliver projects of extraordinary scale, pledging its decades-long expertise and global execution model to help build one of the world’s most advanced integrated energy complexes.

For Dangote Group—Africa’s largest multinational conglomerate with interests spanning cement, fertiliser, petrochemicals, mining, food and energy—the refinery sits at the centre of a broader industrial vision. While challenges around crude supply, pricing and regulation remain, the expansion promises to deepen Nigeria’s self-sufficiency, ease fuel shortages and position the country as a refining hub for West and Central Africa—an outcome with implications far beyond its shores.

 

Dangote, India’s EIL Strike $350m Expansion Deal to double Lagos refinery capacity

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New Tax Law Pushes Nigerian Traders, Business Owners to Prefer Cash Over Bank Transfers

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New Tax Law

New Tax Law Pushes Nigerian Traders, Business Owners to Prefer Cash Over Bank Transfers

A recent News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) report reveals that many traders and business owners across Nigeria are increasingly opting for cash payments instead of bank transfers following the implementation of the new tax law. The move, especially noted in major commercial hubs like Mararaba and Nyanya in the Federal Capital Territory, reflects widespread uncertainty about tax obligations on digital transactions.

Business owners cited concerns that electronic transfers could attract additional taxes or charges, prompting them to rely more on cash to avoid unexpected deductions. Despite assurances from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and tax authorities that legitimate bank accounts will not be arbitrarily debited, many traders remain cautious.

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Customers have also expressed frustration, reporting instances of extra fees being demanded by sellers after bank transfers. Analysts warn that this shift back to cash may undermine financial inclusion, slow the cashless economy initiative, and push more transactions into the informal sector, which is harder to regulate and tax.

Economists emphasize the importance of public education on the new tax framework, which requires linking Tax Identification Numbers (TINs) to bank accounts and reporting high-turnover accounts, but does not permit arbitrary deductions from personal or business accounts.

New Tax Law Pushes Nigerian Traders, Business Owners to Prefer Cash Over Bank Transfers

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CBN Strengthens Consumer Rights to Safeguard Nigeria’s Financial System

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CBN Governor, Olayemi Cardoso
CBN Governor, Olayemi Cardoso

CBN Strengthens Consumer Rights to Safeguard Nigeria’s Financial System

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has intensified efforts to strengthen consumer protection in the country’s financial services sector, rolling out new safeguards aimed at protecting bank customers, curbing fraud and restoring public confidence in digital and traditional banking.

The apex bank said the measures are designed to ensure that consumers are treated fairly by banks, fintech firms and other financial institutions, while also improving transparency and accountability across the system. A key focus of the initiative is the enforcement of the Customers’ Bill of Rights, which guarantees the right to information, privacy, fair treatment and timely redress for complaints.

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As part of the reforms, the CBN has reinforced the Unified Complaints Tracking System (UCTS) to make it easier for customers to lodge and monitor complaints against financial institutions. The bank also encouraged Nigerians to use the *CBN-approved USSD code (959#) to verify licensed banks and financial service providers, a move aimed at reducing fraud and patronage of illegal operators.

The renewed consumer protection drive aligns with recent CBN directives ordering banks to refund victims of electronic and authorised push payment fraud within 48 hours, while also clamping down on misleading advertisements that could deceive customers. These steps come amid rising complaints linked to digital banking, mobile payments and online transactions.

Financial analysts say the CBN’s approach underscores the importance of financial literacy and inclusion, noting that better-informed consumers are less vulnerable to exploitation. The measures also support Nigeria’s expanding fintech ecosystem, where rapid innovation has increased the need for stronger customer safeguards.

With Nigeria’s financial landscape becoming more technology-driven, the CBN says sustained consumer education, stricter regulation and collaboration with other oversight agencies will remain central to building a secure, transparent and customer-focused financial system.

CBN Strengthens Consumer Rights to Safeguard Nigeria’s Financial System

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