Opinion
Impermissible forms of Tawassul
In the previous edition, I discussed the four permissible forms of التَّوَسُّلُ with proofs from the Qur’ān and Sunnah. It is necessary to mention some other forms of التَّوَسُّلُ that people make, some of which are harām and lead to sin, while some lead to kufr and shirk.
i. Seeking Tawassul with the honour of the Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم (Or any other Prophet)التوسل بجاه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أو بغيره من الأنبياء
As Muslims, we strongly affirm and uphold the honour of our noble Prophets from Ādam to Nūh, to Ibrahim, to Mūsā to Īsā, to Muhammad (may the peace and blessings of Allāh be on them all), without any exception or differentiation. In fact, whoever holds or believes that any of these Prophets or all of them has no honour in the sight of Allāh has committed an avt of kufr (disbelief).
However, the question is, “can we seek Tawassul with their honour?”. That is, can one say any of the following:
* Ubangizhi, ina rokonka don girma/daraja Annabi Muhammadu (Hausa);
* Soko, mi ye tan wo gwa ebo chinwan/alubarika Annabi Muhammadu o (Nupe);
* Ọlọhun, mó fi ọlá/alubarika Annabi Muhamma bẹ ó or wó ọlá Annabi Muhamma (Yorùbá);
* Jaumirawo am mido torama gam daraja burnado takle (Fulfulde);
* اللهم إنا نسألك بجاه أو ببركة النبي محمد (Arabic);
O Allah! I ask thee with the honour/blessings of Prophet Muhammad;
The answer is capital NO. Why? There are two reasons for this:
One: There is no credible evidence from the Qur’an or Sunnah to that effect;
Two: It is not the way of our pious predecessors from among the Sahābah and the subsequent generations of Muslims, who the Prophet ﷺ described as خير الناس (the best of people).
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As explained in the previous edition, Tawassul is a form of ibādah, the base rule of which is التحريم (forbidden) until there’s a clear evidence permitting it. Thus, since we find no provision in the authentic sources of legislation in Islām permitting it, it becomes imperative for every sincere Muslim to abandon it.
However, I have to clarify a few ahādīth here which are often cited to promote Tawassul with the honour of the Prophet ﷺ:
i. There’s a popular Hadīth among Muslim clerics and preachers that Prophet ﷺ said:
تَوَسَّلوا بِجاهي فإنَّ جاهي عند الله عظيم/عريض
“Seek Tawassul with my honour, for my honour with Allāh is great.”
Shaykh Al-Albānī رحمه الله said concerning this hadīth:
وهذا باطل لا أصل له في شيء من كتب الحديث البتة، وإنما يرويه بعض الجهال كما نبه على ذلك شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله.
“This statement is false and unfounded. It cannot be traced to any book of hadith at all. It is only being related by some ignoramuses as explained by Shaykhul Islām ibn Taimiyyah (may Allāh have mercy on him).”
There’s no single scholar of hadīth science, past or present that has authenticated the attribution of this statement to the Prophet ﷺ. This is why it has not been recorded in any of the magnum opuses of the prophet’s tradition. It is a fabricated hadīth, and cannot be used as a basis for legislation in Islām.
ii. The second hadīth often cited in this regard is the following:
قال الحافظ في الفتح ” وروى بن أبي شيبة بإسناد صحيح من
رواية أبي صالح السمان عن مالك الداري وكان خازن عمر قال أصاب الناس قحط في زمن عمر فجاء رجل إلى قبر النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال يا رسول الله استسق لأمتك فإنهم قد هلكوا فأتى الرجل في المنام فقيل له ائت عمر… الحديث.
” Says Al-Hāfidh bn Hajar, “Ibn Abī Shaybah reported via an authentic chain from the narration of Abi Sālih As-Sammān from Mālik Ad-Dārī… ‘The people experienced drought during the time of Umar, so a man went to the grave site of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and said,” O Messenger of Allāh, seek rain for your Ummah, for they have been destroyed. So the Prophet ﷺ appeared to the man in his dream and said to him, “approach Umar.”
In critiquing this hadīth, Shaykh Al-Albānī رحمه الله wrote:” This hadīth can be faulted in three ways:
One: Its chain of narration is questionable. In it is found Mālik ad-Dār whose integrity suffers serious credibility problems because his character is shrouded in mystery (مجهول الحال). Furthermore, the clearance by ibn Hajar for its chain is only up to to Abū Sālih as himself had indicated.
Two: The text of the hadīth contradicts the manner of seeking rain as taught by the Prophet ﷺ. It is established in the Sunnah that whenever there was drought, a group of Muslims should gather themselves and observe the صلاة الاستسقاء prayer for seeking rain. If this narration were correct, of what use will be such recommended Salāt henceforth?
Three: The text of the hadith indicates that the man did not do التَّوَسُّلْ with the Prophet, rather he did الاستغاثة (seeking assistance and succor) with him. In Islām, it is an act of kufr and shirk to seek assistance with the dead. (This shall be discussed in detail in the next edition titled: THE SHIRK OF ISTIGĀTHAH).
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Shaykh Al-Albānī wrote:
ليس فيها التوسل بالنبي بل فيها طلب الدعاء منه أن يسقى الله أمته، وهذه مسألة تتعلق بالطلب منه بعد وفاته ولم يجوزها أحد من علماء السلف الصالح.
“There’s no indication in the narration that he did Tawassul with the Prophet ﷺ. Rather, he sought prayer from him that Allāh should send down the rains on his Ummah. This issue is related to seeking supplications from him after his demise which none of the scholars of the past approved of.”
ii. Seeking Tawassul with the Awliyā (saints) and Sālihūn (righteous servants of Allāh); either dead or alive: It is equally common in our society to hear people making Tawassul with the Awliyā and Sālihūn . It should be noted that this carries the same ruling of impermissibility as making Tawassul with the Prophet ﷺ. Thus, it is wrong to use ‘ola awon baba/shehu’ as Tawassul to Allāh. One should stick to the permissible forms Tawassul earlier explained.
Shaykhī bn Bāz رحمه الله said:
شرك أصغر، وهو التوسل بجاه فلان، وبفلان، كالتوسل بجاه النبي محمد، أو بجاه الأنبياء، أو بجاه الشيخ عبد القادر، أو بجاه أبي بكر، أو عمر، أو بذواتهم أسألك بعمر، أو بعثمان، هذا من التوسل الذي هو منكر، وهو يسمى شركاً أصغر، وهو من وسائل الشرك الأكبر، هذا من وسائل الشرك الأكبر
“It is a form of minor shirk to make Tawassul with the honour of anyone, such as making Tawassul with the honour of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, or the honour prophets, or Shaykh AbdulQādir, or Abūbakr, or Umar. Or making Tawassul with their personalities (such as saying) ‘I ask you with the personality of Umar or Uthmān. This is detested form of Tawassul, and it is a monor shirk, as well as a means to the major shirk. It is a means to the major shirk.”
Other forms of impermissible Tawassul include: making Tawassul with one’s parents, the graveyards of saint; the Holy Land; Angel and other creatures of Allāh: living or non-living.
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Rather than make Tawassul with the saints and righteous people, what should be done is to make Tawassul with their supplication. That is, it is permitted to approach a righteous person, and seek that he/she prays for one. It is narrated in an authentic report that:
أن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه كان إذا قحطوا استسقى بالعباس بن عبد المطلب رضي الله عنه، فقال: “اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا كُنَّا نَتَوَسَّلُ إِلَيْكَ بِنَبِيِّنَا صلى الله عليه وسلم فَتَسْقِينَا، وَإِنَّا نَتَوَسَّلُ إِلَيْكَ بِعَمِّ نَبِيِّنَا فَاسْقِنَا”، قَالَ: فَيُسْقَوْنَ
“Whenever drought occurs during the time of Umar, he sought for rain with (the Du’ā) of Al-Abbās bn AbdilMuttalib (may Allāh be pleased with him). He said, ‘O Allāh! We used to seek Tawassul to You with (the Du’ā) of our Prophet ﷺ, and you do answer us. Now, we seek Tawassul to you with (the Du’ā) of the uncle of our Prophet ﷺ.’ He(the narrator) said, ‘and they were given rain.’
In another narration, : “فقال عمر للعباس رضي الله عنه: قم فاستسق وادع ربك”
‘Umar said to Al-Abbās, ‘stand up, and seek rain for us, and invoke your Lord.’
In conclusion, it is incumbent upon the Muslim to stick to what is permitted in matters of the Dīn, to avoid falling into harām and shirk.
Dr. Sanusi Lafiagi is a lecturer in Department of Islamic Studies, Al-Hikmah University Ilorin
Opinion
Ademola Lookman showed Davido and Kemi Badenoch that wisdom is not by age – Omokri
Ademola Lookman showed Davido and Kemi Badenoch that wisdom is not by age – Omokri
Recently, the singer David Adeleke was given a global stage to do whatever he wanted and deliver any message.
Sadly, Mr. Adeleke used the opportunity to speak in an American accent. Not only that, he used that American accent to talk down on Nigeria and tell the world not to invest in Nigeria because, as he put it, Nigeria’s “economy is in shambles”.
Coincidentally, a month after his faux pas, Kemi Badenoch, probably inspired by Davido, used her British accent to talk down Nigeria, calling us “a very poor country” where the police rob citizens.
But the interesting thing about her own case is that the next day, the BBC featured a panel of Conservative Party big shots, and one of them, Albie Amankona, a party chieftain from Chiswick, who is also a celebrity broadcaster, said, and this is a direct quote:
“If you are a Brexiteer, and you are saying we need to be expanding our global trade beyond the European Union, we want to be looking at emerging markets for growth, don’t slag off one of the fastest growing economies in Africa.”
Is it not strange that it took the BBC and a British politician to promote Nigeria as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa?
And just when we thought it was all bad news, God gave us a breath of fresh air in the youthful Ademola Lookman, who used the global podium granted to him by his winning the 2024 African Footballer of the Year award to promote and project Nigeria and the Lukumi Yoruba language to the world.
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Wisdom is not by age. If not, Ademola Lookman, who is just twenty-seven, will not have displayed greater wisdom than David Adeleke, who is thirty-two, and Kemi Badenoch, at forty-four.
Mr. Lookman proved that the age of Methuselah has nothing to do with the wisdom of Solomon.
And it is not as though other ethnicities with global icons do not also project Nigeria. They do.
Dr. Mrs. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala spoke Igbo on the podium of the WTO in Geneva. In terms of prestige, she is FAR above Lookman.
My campaign is not for the Lukumi Yoruba alone. It is for all sub-Saharan Black Africans to learn to speak their language and not use ability to speak English or another colonial language as a measure of intelligence.
Besides Lukumi Yoruba and Hausa, every other Nigerian language, including Fulfulde, is gradually dying out.
General Buhari is half Fulani and half Kanuri. Yet, he cannot speak either Fuifulde or Kanuri. But he speaks Hausa and English.
Fact-check me: In 2012, UNESCO declared Igbo an endangered language.
However, the Lukumi Yoruba are to be commended for their affirmative actions to advance their language and culture.
Let me give you an example. All six Governors of the Southwest bear full Lukumi names: Jide Sanwa-Olu, Seyi Makinde, Dapo Abiodun, Ademola Adeleke, Abiodun Oyebanji, and Orighomisan Aiyedatiwa.
No other zone in Nigeria has all its governors bearing ethnic Nigerian names as first and second names. They either bear Arabic or European names as first names or even first and second names.
If we truly want to be the Giant of Africa, we must take affirmative steps to preserve our language and culture so we can have children like Ademola Lookman.
Teach your language to your children before you teach them English. They will learn English at school. Being multilingual is scientifically proven to boost intelligence.
Fact-check me: In the U.S., Latino kids do not speak English until they start school. They learn Spanish as a first language.
Even if you relocate to the UK, the best you can be is British. You can never be English. And if your choice of Japa is the U.S., the highest you can be is an American citizen. You will never become a White Anglo-Saxon Protestant WASP.
Your power lies in balancing ancient and modern, Western and African, English (or other colonial languages) and your native tongue.
That is the way to reverse language erosion, like the Lukumi Yoruba.
Ademola Lookman showed Davido and Kemi Badenoch that wisdom is not by age – Omokri
Opinion
Kemi Badenoch’s Hate for Nigeria – Femi Fani-Kayode
Kemi Badenoch’s Hate for Nigeria – Femi Fani-Kayode
“I find it interesting that everyone defines me as a Nigerian. I identify less with the country than with my specific ethnic group. I have nothing in common with the people from the north of the country, the Boko Haram, where Islamism is. Being Yoruba is my true identity and I refuse to be lumped with the northern people of Nigeria who were our ethnic enemies, all in the name of being called a Nigerian”- @KemiBadenoch.
Dangerous rhetoric
Kemi Badenoch, MP, the leader of the British Conservative Party and Opposition in the @UKParliament, has refused to stop at just denigrating our country but has gone a step further by seeking to divide us on ethnic lines.
She claims that she never regarded herself as being a Nigerian but rather a Yoruba and that she never identified with the people from the Northern part of our country who she collectively describes as being “Boko Haram Islamists” and “terrorists”.
This is dangerous rhetoric coming from an impudent and ignorant foreign leader who knows nothing about our country, who does not know her place and who insists on stirring up a storm that she cannot contain and that may eventually consume her.
It is rather like saying that she identifies more with the English than she does with the Scots and the Welsh whom she regards as nothing more than homicidal and murderous barbarians that once waged war against her ethnic English compatriots!
All this coming from a young lady of colour that is a political leader in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural country that lays claim to being the epitome of decency and civilisation! What a strange and inexplicable contradiction this is.
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Her intentions are malevolent and insidious and her objective, outside of ridiculing and mocking us, is to divide us and bring us to our knees.
I am constrained to ask, what on earth happened to this creature in her youth and why does she hate Nigeria with such passion?
Did something happen to her when she lived here which she has kept secret?
Kemi Badenoch’s Hate for Nigeria – Femi Fani-Kayode
Opinion
The cockroach called Dele Farotimi (1)
The cockroach called Dele Farotimi (1)
Tunde Odesola
(Published in The PUNCH, on Friday, December 13, 2024)
The official name for cage fight is Mixed Martial Arts. Street fight, known as ‘ìjà ìgboro’ in Yoruba, is the bane of Ibadan people, says the panegyric of Oluyole, the city of brown roofs scattered among seven hills. MMA, I think, is organised street fighting.
But, long before MMA became a global combat sport in 2000, little devils of St Paul Anglican (Primary) School, Idi-Oro, Lagos, and Archbishop Aggey Memorial Secondary School, Mushin, Lagos, engaged in ‘ìjà ìgboro’, the progenitor of Mixed Martial Arts. Retrospectively, I’m guilty of being part of the little devils of both schools.
Because, instead of heeding the ‘blessed are the peacemakers’ injunction in the Holy Scriptures, to ‘inherit the kingdom of God’, what we did as little demons that we were was to add fuel to the embers of hostility smouldering among fellow students.
As soon as you noticed two students in a heated argument, instead of you to sue for peace, the naughty reaction was for you to grab some soil in clenched fists and spread your fists towards the two disputants, daring both pupils to slap one of the outstretched fists: ‘Ení bá lè jà, kó gbon!’
‘Ení bá lè jà, kó gbon!’ was a call to arms. To prove you’re a lionheart ready to fight, you slap the clenched fist open and watch its content pour out to the ground.
So, in a jiffy, you would see friends who were laughing a while ago, engage in a free-for-all instanter. Regrettably, I initiated some of such fights and participated in not a few. You probably can’t grow up in Mushin and be fainthearted.
Taliatu Mudashiru was my friend and classmate in Forms 1 and 2. Occasionally, when I didn’t get dropped off at school by my father, and I had to make it to school on my own, I first trek from our Awoyokun Street residence to Taliatu’s house on Adegboyega Street before both of us would head up to Akinade Ayodeji’s house two blocks away en route to school.
I thought I was stronger than Tali, as we fondly called him, or Pali Tutu (Wet Cardboard) – if the caller was a mischievous classmate – until one day when we disagreed during a break-time chatter involving other classmates.
A peacemaker stepped forward with clenched fists, chanting, ‘K’éyin lè jà, k’émi lé wò’ran, Èsù ta’po si,’ evoking Baba Devil himself. I slapped one of the fists; Tali slapped the other! ‘Ha, Tali ke? I go kill sombodi!’
Toe-to-toe, Tunde rained blows. Tit-for-tat, Tali responded. We upturned desks and seats as the brawl spiralled to the delight of cheering classmates. But it was short-lived as the break-time bell saved the day. We swore at each other but classmates begged us, like peacemakers, to save our punches and wait till after-school hours to throw them.
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After school, excited classmates such as Taliatu Olokodana, Akinade Ayodeji alias Kuruki, Hakeem Adigun alias Slate, Jide Oladimeji alias Agama; Kunle Adeyoju alias Iron Bender, Sunday Pedro Oshokai, Sanmi Okuwobi, Sule Mustapha alias Maito; Olalekan Egungbohun, Kazeem Osuolale alias Oju etc led Tali and me to ‘Ojú Olómo ò to’, an arena so named because no parent or guardian’s eyes ever got to see what happened there.
Only Lukmon Yusuff aka OC, Jide Ajose and Segun Majekodunmi would have separated us if they were around. For his good-naturedness, Jide got the nickname Unreasonable while Segun was called Brother because he belonged to the Deeper Life Church and Yusuff got nicknamed O.C. because of his effectiveness as a football defender.
The ‘Ojú Olómo ò to’ was the playground of a primary school that had closed for the day. Impish classmates sat around the edge of the big field, leaving Tali and I at the centre to unleash the devilry in us.
Tali, bigger and an inch taller, was hoping to use his weight to an advantage, grabbing at me but I knew if he slammed me he would feed me with sand, so I used my fists to keep him off.
We wrestled and boxed and kicked and clawed for God knows how long. There was no referee. There was no timeout. There were only ringside viewers who laughed and cheered every kick and blow and the sight of blood. Tali and I bled all over, spent and gasped for breath.
Then I threw a punch, it caught Tali right in the face, and he first went down in a squat, before flattening out on his back. I should have jumped on him and finished him off, but I was barely breathing. I just left him and I turned away to look for my bag and shoes.
The following day, Tali was looking for me on the assembly ground. He appeared proud of us. He shook hands with me vigorously and we hugged for a long period – like warriors after a pyrrhic victory. He earned my respect, I earned his. Tali probably thought I was a sportsman for not finishing him off when he blanked out, but little did he know that all that was on my mind when he fell was me getting home. I probably would’ve fallen too if the fight had lasted longer.
There are similarities between my fight with Tali and the ongoing fight between one of Nigeria’s heavyweight lawyers, Aare Afe Babalola and human rights activist and lawyer, Mr Dele Farotimi.
I know Nigeria is broken and needs fixing urgently. I know that to fix it, something has to give. I know Nigeria’s coconuts of corruption must be cracked on skulls and the water thereof used as atonement for the nation’s corruption.
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I see many coconuts. I also see the head of Babalola and that of Farotimi. I see other heads, too. But whose skull(s) would crack open the coconuts?
I see a poisonous cockroach encircled by a brood of chickens. Among the chickens is the breed called Supreme. There’s also a breed called Appeal and another breed called High. There’s yet another breed called SANyeri, a name symbolising the breed’s big gowns. The chickens thrust their heads forward, sharply looking right and left, watching intently, communicating in esoteric language. What shall we do to this irritant?
Yet, the cockroach is adamant in the valley of jeopardy, six legs gangling, two antennas roving; person wey wan don die jam person wey wan kill am.
Tali Vs. Tunde. Today, I can’t even remember what caused the disagreement that snowballed into our fight, but I can never forget the pain of the fight. I had thought I would make light work of Tali but I didn’t see his gallantry coming.
Although I’ve never met Baba Babalola, he comes across as a man of commendable philanthropy and frankness. It’s only frankness that could make him stand by the Labour Party and its presidential candidate, Mr Peter Obi, in the 2023 presidential election when the elite of his tribe was queuing behind Asiwaju Bola Tinubu as ‘Shon of the Shoil’.
In the 2023 presidential election, I was neither BATified nor Atikulated just as I wasn’t Obidient. In some articles during the countdown to the election, I called for an overhaul of the 1999 Constitution before the conduct of the general elections, saying none of the presidential candidates would succeed as president if the Constitution wasn’t amended.
I also said there was no ideological difference among the All Progressives Congress, Peoples Democratic Party and Labour Party. If they were different, Nigeria wouldn’t witness six House of Representatives members of the Labour Party defecting to the APC recently, despite LP’s promise of a new Nigeria. While I predict more defections in the coming days, those already defected include Tochukwu Okere (Imo), Daulyop Fom (Plateau), Donatus Matthew (Kaduna), Bassey Akiba (Cross River), Iyawe Esosa (Edo) and Fom Daniel Chollon (Plateau).
In my recommendations, I called for devolution of powers to the states, resource control, independent candidacy and patriotism by the generality of Nigerians for a new order.
And I’ve not repented from my belief that elected Nigerian politicians loot the treasury according to the amount of money available in it, not because one was more decent than the other or one party was better than the other.
This is why I find the anti-corruption campaign of 56-year-old lawyer and human rights activist, Dele Farotimi, assuring though I’m not going to touch the libel stuff just yet.
Although Farotimi is an LP member, his rhetoric resonates with equity, fairness and justice – cornerstones of democracy.
However, there are concave and convex perspectives on the Babalola-Farotimi issue. In secondary school, Physics was intriguing to me, though I found its abstraction intimidating and perplexing. It was in Physics that I learnt about convex and concave lenses. I was taught in secondary school that both lenses are used for correcting short-sightedness and long-sightedness.
Tali died a long time ago. May his soul rest in peace. Baba Afe Babalola is 11 years older than my father who died last March at 84. May the Lord grant Baba Babalola more years in good health, and may he see the end of this war.
To be continued.
Email: [email protected]
Facebook: @Tunde Odesola
X: @Tunde_Odesola
LinkedIn: @Tunde Odesola
The cockroach called Dele Farotimi (1)
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